Numeric Literals

Numeric literals represent integers, fixed-point numbers, or floating-point numbers.

Integral Number Syntax

[+|-]digit+[L|S|Y]

digit is any decimal digit (0-9).

The data type of the integral number is determined by the optional postfix:

• L (case-insensitive) indicates BIGINT or LONG, an 8-byte signed integer.
• S (case-insensitive) indicates SMALLINT or SHORT, a 2-byte signed integer.
• Y (case-insensitive) indicates TINYINT or BYTE, a 1-byte signed integer.
• If there is no postfix, the number is interpreted as an INT or INTEGER, a 4-byte signed integer.

Integral Number Examples

SELECT -2147483600 AS col;
-- +-----------+
-- |        col|
-- +-----------+
-- |-2147483600|
-- +-----------+

SELECT 9223372036854775807L AS col;
-- +-------------------+
-- |                col|
-- +-------------------+
-- |9223372036854775807|
-- +-------------------+

SELECT -64Y AS col;
-- +----+
-- | col|
-- +----+
-- |-64 |
-- +----+

SELECT 512S AS col;
-- +----+
-- |col |
-- +----+
-- |512 |
-- +----+

Fractional Number Syntax

A decimal literals can be written in the following forms.

decimaldecimal[exponent]BDwhole[exponent]BD

The BD postfix is required if the number is a whole number or has an exponent. Otherwise, the number would be interpreted as an integer or a double.

A double literal can be written in the following forms. The D postfix is optional when there is an exponent.

(decimal|whole)D(decimal|whole)exponent[D]

A float literal can be written in the following forms. The F postfix is required in all forms.

(decimal|whole)F(decimal|whole)exponentF

decimal is a number that contains a decimal point.

[+|-]digit+.[+|-]digit+.digit+[+|-].digit+

whole is a whole number without a decimal point.

[+|-]digit+

exponent is the exponent in scientific notation.

(E|e)[+|-]digit+

digit is any decimal digit (0-9).

In summary, fractional numbers are represented by decimal numbers or whole numbers, with optional exponent the following postfixes to indicate the data type:

• D (case-insensitive) indicates DOUBLE, an 8-byte double-precision floating point number.
• F (case-insensitive) indicates FLOAT, a 4-byte single-precision floating point number.
• BD (case-insensitive) indicates DECIMAL, with the total number of digits as precision and the number of digits to right of decimal point as scale.

Fractional Number Examples

SELECT 76.543 AS col, TYPEOF(76.543) AS type;
-- +-------+------------+
-- |    col|        type|
-- +-------+------------+
-- | 76.543|decimal(5,3)|
-- +-------+------------+

SELECT 8.21E1 AS col, TYPEOF(8.21E1) AS type;
-- +------+------+
-- |   col|  type|
-- +------+------+
-- | 82.1 |double|
-- +------+------+

SELECT -0.4321 AS col;
-- +--------+
-- |     col|
-- +--------+
-- |-0.4321 |
-- +--------+

SELECT 250.BD AS col;
-- +-----+
-- | col |
-- +-----+
-- |250  |
-- +-----+

SELECT 6.9D AS col;
-- +-----+
-- | col |
-- +-----+
-- | 6.9 |
-- +-----+

SELECT -18BD AS col;
-- +----+
-- |col |
-- +----+
-- |-18 |
-- +----+

SELECT .789E3F AS col;
-- +------+
-- | col  |
-- +------+
-- |789.0 |
-- +------+